Azithromycin: Potent Antibiotic for Rapid Bacterial Infection Resolution
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Synonyms | |||
Azithromycin is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic renowned for its efficacy in treating a wide range of bacterial infections. With a unique pharmacokinetic profile that allows for once-daily dosing and shorter treatment courses, it offers both clinical effectiveness and patient convenience. Its ability to achieve high tissue concentrations and sustained antibacterial activity makes it a first-line choice for respiratory, skin, and sexually transmitted infections. Trusted by healthcare professionals worldwide, azithromycin combines proven therapeutic outcomes with a well-established safety profile.
Features
- Active ingredient: Azithromycin (500 mg tablets)
- Belongs to the macrolide antibiotic class
- Exhibits bacteriostatic activity by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis
- Extended half-life permitting once-daily dosing
- Available in oral tablet and suspension formulations
- Demonstrated efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
- FDA-approved for multiple indications
- Manufactured under strict GMP standards
Benefits
- Rapid onset of action with symptomatic improvement often within 48 hours
- Complete treatment courses typically lasting 3-5 days enhance compliance
- High tissue penetration ensures effective infection clearance at target sites
- Broad-spectrum coverage reduces need for combination therapy
- Well-tolerated profile with lower incidence of gastrointestinal side effects compared to other antibiotics
- Flexible dosing options suitable for both adult and pediatric populations
Common use
Azithromycin is commonly prescribed for bacterial pharyngitis, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, community-acquired pneumonia, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, and urethritis/cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Off-label uses include prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex in immunocompromised patients and as part of combination therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication.
Dosage and direction
The standard adult dosage for most infections is 500 mg as a single dose on the first day, followed by 250 mg once daily for the next four days. For sexually transmitted infections, a single 1 gram dose is typically administered. Pediatric dosing is weight-based at 10 mg/kg on day one (maximum 500 mg) followed by 5 mg/kg (maximum 250 mg) for days 2-5. Administer at least one hour before or two hours after meals for optimal absorption. Complete the entire prescribed course even if symptoms improve earlier.
Precautions
Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment as azithromycin is extensively metabolized in the liver. Monitor for signs of hepatotoxicity during treatment. Exercise caution in patients with known QT prolongation or those taking other QT-prolonging medications. May exacerbate symptoms of myasthenia gravis. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed (Category B). Breastfeeding mothers should consult healthcare providers as azithromycin is excreted in human milk.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to azithromycin, erythromycin, or any other macrolide antibiotics. Contraindicated in patients with history of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with prior azithromycin use. Not recommended for patients with known prolonged QT interval or ventricular arrhythmias, including torsades de pointes. Avoid concurrent administration with ergot derivatives or colchicine in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.
Possible side effect
Common side effects include diarrhea (5-7%), nausea (3-5%), abdominal pain (2-3%), and vomiting (1-2%). Less frequent adverse reactions include headache, dizziness, and reversible hearing loss. Serious but rare side effects may include QT prolongation, hepatotoxicity, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, and allergic reactions ranging from mild rash to anaphylaxis. Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with nearly all antibacterial agents.
Drug interaction
Significant interactions occur with warfarin (monitor INR closely), digoxin (may increase serum concentrations), and cyclosporine (elevates cyclosporine levels). Concurrent use with other QT-prolonging agents (antiarrhythmics, antipsychotics, fluoroquinolones) may increase arrhythmia risk. Antacids containing aluminum or magnesium may decrease azithromycin absorption. Avoid concomitant administration with nelfinavir due to increased risk of hepatotoxicity.
Missed dose
Take the missed dose as soon as remembered, unless it is almost time for the next scheduled dose. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. Maintain the regular dosing schedule and contact your healthcare provider if multiple doses have been missed. Consistent dosing is crucial for maintaining effective antibiotic concentrations.
Overdose
Symptoms may include severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and temporary hearing loss. Management is supportive with gastric lavage if presented early. No specific antidote exists. Hemodialysis does not significantly remove azithromycin from circulation. Monitor electrolyte balance and cardiac function in cases of significant overdose. Contact poison control center immediately for guidance.
Storage
Store at room temperature (15-30°C or 59-86°F) in original container. Protect from excessive moisture and light. Keep suspension form tightly closed and discard any unused portion after 10 days. Keep out of reach of children. Do not use after expiration date printed on packaging.
Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional before starting any medication. The prescribing physician should be aware of the patient’s complete medical history and current medications. Dosage and treatment duration should be determined by a healthcare provider based on specific infection type and patient factors.
Reviews
Clinical studies demonstrate azithromycin’s efficacy with success rates exceeding 85% for respiratory infections and 95% for chlamydial infections. Patients report high satisfaction with the shortened treatment duration and convenient dosing schedule. Healthcare providers appreciate its broad spectrum coverage and generally favorable side effect profile. Post-marketing surveillance confirms the established safety record when used according to prescribing guidelines.