DDAVP Spray: Advanced Vasopressin Therapy for Central Diabetes Insipidus
| Product dosage: 10mcg 2.5ml | |||
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Synonyms | |||
DDAVP Spray (desmopressin acetate) is a synthetic analog of vasopressin, engineered for precise nasal delivery in the management of central diabetes insipidus. It functions by replacing the deficient antidiuretic hormone, thereby reducing excessive urination and controlling debilitating thirst. This formulation is designed for rapid absorption through the nasal mucosa, offering predictable pharmacokinetics and a favorable safety profile when administered as directed. Its therapeutic efficacy is well-established in endocrinological practice, providing a cornerstone treatment for patients with this chronic condition.
Features
- Contains desmopressin acetate, a synthetic vasopressin analog
- Nasal spray delivery system for direct mucosal absorption
- Available in 5 mL and 10 mL nasal spray bottles
- Each 0.1 mL spray delivers 10 mcg of desmopressin acetate
- pH-balanced solution to minimize nasal irritation
- Precise metering mechanism for consistent dosing
- Light-protective packaging to maintain stability
- Preservative-free formulation in single-patient containers
Benefits
- Effectively controls polyuria and polydipsia in central diabetes insipidus
- Provides predictable duration of antidiuretic action (typically 8-12 hours)
- Enables improved sleep quality by reducing nocturia episodes
- Facilitates normal daily activities through stabilized fluid balance
- Reduces risk of dehydration and electrolyte disturbances
- Offers convenient administration compared to injectable formulations
Common use
DDAVP Spray is primarily indicated for the management of central (cranial) diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by deficiency of endogenous vasopressin production. It is used as hormone replacement therapy to control the symptoms of excessive urination and thirst. The medication may also be prescribed off-label for certain cases of nocturnal enuresis in children when standard treatments prove ineffective, though this application requires careful medical supervision due to potential hyponatremia risks.
Dosage and direction
Initial dosing should be individualized under medical supervision. For adults with central diabetes insipidus: typically 0.1 mL (10 mcg) once or twice daily via nasal spray. The optimal dosage is determined by measuring urine volume and osmolality. Administration should be performed with the patient in a sitting position, inserting the spray tip into the nostril without deep insertion, and pressing the pump firmly once while breathing gently through the nose. The dosage may be titrated upward in 0.1 mL increments based on therapeutic response, with most patients requiring 0.1-0.4 mL daily divided into two doses. Evening administration should be timed to minimize nocturia while avoiding overnight fluid retention.
Precautions
Patients should be monitored for water intoxication and hyponatremia, particularly during initial dose titration. Fluid intake should be adjusted to match physiological needs rather than excessive consumption. Nasal pathology such as rhinitis, nasal congestion, or mucosal atrophy may impair absorption and require dosage adjustment or alternative administration routes. Elderly patients and children require careful monitoring due to increased susceptibility to hyponatremia. Patients should be advised to avoid concurrent use of other nasal medications that might interfere with absorption. Regular monitoring of serum sodium levels is recommended during therapy.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to desmopressin acetate or any components of the formulation. Patients with moderate to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance below 50 mL/min). History of hyponatremia or conditions predisposing to fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Concurrent illness that may cause fluid or electrolyte imbalance, including cystic fibrosis. Use with extreme caution in patients with coronary artery insufficiency or hypertension.
Possible side effects
Common adverse reactions include headache (approximately 7% of patients), nausea (4%), and mild nasal congestion or irritation (6%). Less frequently reported effects include abdominal cramps, vulval pain in women, and mild facial flushing. Serious adverse effects include hyponatremia (which may manifest as headache, nausea, vomiting, weight gain, restlessness, fatigue, lethargy, or confusion), water intoxication, and allergic reactions. Severe hyponatremia may lead to seizures, coma, or respiratory arrest requiring immediate medical attention.
Drug interaction
Concomitant use with other medications that increase the risk of water retention or hyponatremia requires careful monitoring, including: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, chlorpromazine, carbamazepine, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Glucocorticoids may decrease the antidiuretic effect of desmopressin. Medications affecting nasal mucosal blood flow or integrity (such as topical decongestants) may alter absorption. Loperamide may potentiate desmopressin effects and increase hyponatremia risk.
Missed dose
If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered unless it is nearly time for the next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Patients should not double the dose to make up for a missed administration. If multiple doses are missed, polyuria symptoms may recur, and medical advice should be sought regarding dose readjustment.
Overdose
Overdose may lead to water intoxication and hyponatremia, manifesting as headache, nausea, vomiting, weight gain, and lethargy. Severe cases may progress to seizures, coma, or respiratory arrest. Treatment involves water restriction and symptomatic management. In severe hyponatremia, careful administration of hypertonic saline may be necessary under hospital monitoring. Diuretics such as furosemide may be employed to promote water excretion. Serum electrolytes and fluid balance should be monitored until stabilization.
Storage
Store at controlled room temperature (20-25°C or 68-77°F), protecting from light and excessive heat. Do not freeze. Keep the bottle tightly closed when not in use. The spray should be discarded 30 days after first use, even if medication remains. Do not store in bathroom areas where moisture could affect stability. Keep out of reach of children and pets.
Disclaimer
This information is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. DDAVP Spray is a prescription medication that should be used only under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional. Dosage and administration must be individualized based on medical evaluation. Patients should not initiate or discontinue this medication without consulting their physician. The full prescribing information should be consulted before use.
Reviews
Clinical studies demonstrate that DDAVP Spray effectively controls symptoms in approximately 85% of patients with central diabetes insipidus. Endocrinologists report predictable antidiuretic response with appropriate dosing, though individual variation in absorption requires careful titration. Patient satisfaction surveys indicate improved quality of life measures related to reduced nocturia and stabilized thirst mechanisms. Some users report nasal irritation with prolonged use, particularly in dry climates. The convenience of nasal administration is frequently cited as a significant advantage over parenteral alternatives.